Cruciate Ligament Rupture
They are called cruciate ligaments because they “cross over” inside the knee joint. One ligament connects from inside to outside the knee joint and the other outside to inside, crossing each other in the middle.
Humans have the same anatomical structure of the knee. Cruciate ligament rupture is a common knee injury of athletes. The term anterior cruciate is used to describe the identical anatomical structure in humans.
How does a cranial cruciate injury occur?
The injury occurs commonly in obese dogs.
How is it diagnosed?
Many pets will “toe touch” and place only a small amount of weight on the injured leg.
During the examination, the veterinarian will try to demonstrate a particular movement, called a drawer sign. This indicates laxity in the knee joint. Many dogs will require sedation or anaesthesia before this test can be performed due to the severe pain they are experiencing. Other diagnostic tests such as radiographs (x-rays) may also be necessary.
Tests such as arthroscopy may be needed to rule out other damage to the joint.
Is other joint damage common?
Inside the knee joint are pieces of cartilage called menisci. The menisci act as shock absorbers between the femur and tibia. Many times these cartilages are also damaged when the cruciate ligaments rupture. They are usually repaired at the same time as the ligament surgery.
Is an operation always necessary?
Dogs under 10kg may improve without surgery, but joint damage and arthritis will continue to develop if the joint is not stable. These patients are often restricted to cage rest for two to six weeks. Dogs over 10kg usually require surgery to heal. Unfortunately, most dogs will eventually require surgery to correct this painful injury.
What does surgery involve?
There are various techniques available to replace the action of the cruciate ligaments. These surgeries most often involve the placement of artificial ligaments along the outside of the knee joint. There are newer surgical techniques available including Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) or Triple Tibial Osteotomy (TTO) that are especially beneficial for larger, more athletic dogs. Your veterinarian will discuss with you the best treatment option for your pet.
Is post-operative care difficult?
It is important that your dog have limited activity for six to eight weeks after surgery. Provided you are able to carry out your veterinarian’s instructions, good function should return to the limb within three months. Unfortunately, regardless of the technique used to stabilise the joint, arthritis is likely to develop in the joint as your dog ages. Weight control and nutritional supplements such as glucosamine / chondroitin or synovan injections may help delay the onset of arthritis in your pet. Many dogs will receive physical therapy after the surgery to speed recovery and reduce complications. Your veterinarian will discuss your pet’s recommended post-operative care with you prior to surgery.
Is obesity such a problem?
Obesity can result in cruciate ligament rupture. If your dog is overweight, the recovery time will be much longer. Obesity also increases the risk of injury to the other knee. Weight loss is as important as surgery in ensuring rapid return to normal function.
How can you stop this from happening to your pet?
Tearing of the cruciate ligament occurs when the ligament is diseased and/or there are excessive forces placed on the knee. It most commonly occurs in overweight dogs when they are exercising. You can help to prevent this by keeping him/her at a healthy weight and managing any arthritis or joint pain that they may develop early on.
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